Multifunctional Flexible Sensors Based on rGO@MXene/PDMS Conductive Composites for Human Health Monitoring and Thermal Therapy

Multifunctional flexible sensing technology has emerged as a pivotal research hotspot. However, most existing flexible sensors are constrained by single-functionality limitations and thus fail to meet the increasingly urgent demand for integrated multiparameter sensing in complex real-world scenarios. In this study, we propose a multifunctional flexible sensor based on an rGO@MXene/PDMS nanocomposite, which integrates three functionalities: high gauge factor (GF) strain sensing, precise resistive temperature sensing, and efficient photothermal conversion. These capabilities enable reliable monitoring of physiological signals, health monitoring, and localized thermal therapy. The as-fabricated flexible strain sensor exhibits exceptional performance, exhibiting a low detection limit of 0.5%, high gauge factor (GF) of 1000, broad dynamic range of 0%–400%, and excellent cycling stability over 20,000 cycles. Notably, the sensor achieves a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −1.01% °C–1, enabling sustained real-time physiological temperature monitoring for up to 1800 min. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits efficient photothermal conversion capability, achieving a rapid temperature rise (ΔT > 40 °C under 1 kW m–2) and stable heat retention, making it highly promising for localized thermal therapy. This work provides great potential to advance the development of next-generation wearable devices, smart healthcare systems, and human–machine interaction technologies.