社会文化进化
人类生物学
人类进化
生物
进化生物学
透视图(图形)
人类疾病
比较生物学
认知科学
基因
心理学
社会学
遗传学
人类学
计算机科学
人工智能
作者
Michael Vaill,Kunio Kawanishi,Nissi Varki,Pascal Gagneux,Ajit Varki
标识
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00040.2021
摘要
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called “great apes”), aiming to identify distinctly human features in health and disease, with the overall goal of explaining human origins. We begin with a historical perspective, briefly describing how the field progressed from the earliest evolutionary insights to the current emphasis on in-depth molecular and genomic investigations of “human-specific” biology and an increased appreciation for cultural impacts on human biology. While many such genetic differences between humans and other hominids have been revealed over the last two decades, this information remains insufficient to explain the most distinctive phenotypic traits distinguishing humans from other living hominids. Here we undertake a complementary approach of “comparative physiological anthropogeny,” along the lines of the preclinical medical curriculum, i.e., beginning with anatomy and considering each physiological system and in each case considering genetic and molecular components that are relevant. What is ultimately needed is a systematic comparative approach at all levels from molecular to physiological to sociocultural, building networks of related information, drawing inferences, and generating testable hypotheses. The concluding section will touch on distinctive considerations in the study of human evolution, including the importance of gene-culture interactions.
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