先天免疫系统
神经科学
疾病
免疫学
自身免疫
淀粉样蛋白(真菌学)
生物
跨膜蛋白
类胡萝卜素
医学
免疫系统
受体
遗传学
病理
植物
摘要
A new model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is presented: Alzheimer's disease as an autoimmune disease (AD2 ). In response to pathogen-/damage-associated molecular pattern-stimulating events (e.g., infection, trauma, ischemia, pollution), amyloid beta (Aβ) is released as an early responder cytokine triggering an innate immunity cascade in which Aβ exhibits immunomodulatory/antimicrobial duality. However, Aβ's antimicrobial properties result in a misdirected attack upon "self" neurons, arising from the electrophysiological similarities between neurons and bacteria in terms of transmembrane potential gradients and anionic charges on outer membrane macromolecules. The subsequent breakdown products of necrotic neurons elicit further release of Aβ leading to a chronic, self-perpetuating cycle. In AD2 , amino acid (trp, arg) metabolism is a central control player in modulating AD autoimmunity. AD2 includes Aβ as an important molecular player, but rejects the "amyloid hypothesis," recognizing Aβ as a physiologically oligomerizing cytokine and part of a larger immunopathic conceptualization of AD.
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