Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits bladder cancer metastasis through suppression of α1,3-mannosyltransferase expression and LRFN4 N-glycosylation

Our findings established ALG3 as a promising detection glycobiomarker for bladder cancer, and a key regulator for metastasis through LRFN4 N-glycosylation and Ras signaling pathway activation. The identified ALG3 inhibitor-NDGA demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, offering a foundation for developing personalized treatment strategies against bladder cancer metastasis.