Waste-derived marigold flower carbon dot spray and gel formulations exhibit enhanced wound healing in deep excisional cutaneous and burn wounds

experiments on deep excisional full-thickness and burn injuries exhibited enhanced wound contraction, ECM deposition, angiogenesis, and faster healing with CD gel and spray compared to the control and standard treatments. Histology and immunohistochemistry supported enhanced collagen synthesis and remodeling in the treated tissue; however, the gel demonstrated marginally superior results compared to the spray, as it adhered more securely. These results show that the developed marigold-derived CDs are biocompatible, promote angiogenesis, and enhance healing of deep excisional and burn wounds.