Lance-Adams syndrome: Case series and literature review

Lance-Adams Syndrome (LAS) is an incredibly rare complication of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It is a form of posthypoxic myoclonus characterized by action or intention myoclonus developing days to months after an hypoxic insult to the brain. LAS, especially early in a patient's clinical course, can be challenging to diagnose. In this case series, all of the patients presented after achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and subsequently developed myoclonus. Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings later showed changes consistent with LAS in all 5 patients. Our cases highlight the EEG characteristics that can be seen in LAS, which can aid in the diagnosis of LAS, as well as long term treatment outcomes of the LAS. We also reviewed the available literature to better understand the prevalence, mechanism, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of LAS.