Strategies based review on near-infrared light-driven bismuth nanocomposites for environmental pollutants degradation

Recently, solar energy has been considered the most vulnerable source to resolve environmental pollution and energy scarcity problems. Researchers have made intense research efforts to convert solar energy into chemical energy through photocatalysis processes as it is a green, clean and renewable energy source. Numerous discovered photocatalysts show absorption in the ultraviolet-visible (UV∼5% and visible ∼43%) region and are devoid of near-infrared (NIR ∼52%) light utilization. As infrared (IR) light contains a top portion of the solar spectrum; therefore, many alluring and attractive practical strategies have been explored to improve photocatalytic reactions and to harness full solar spectrum (including NIR light). Among those strategies, bandgap engineering, coupling with carbon quantum dots, heterostructure formation, mingling with plasmonic and upconversion (UC) NPs are more worthwhile. In different visible light-assisted photocatalysts, bismuth typically covers a distinctive, favorable, and earth-abundant group of freshly discovered innovative photocatalytic nanomaterials. Bi-based photocatalysts have suitable/good optoelectronic properties, crystalline geometric conformations, amendable electronic structure, and outstanding visible-light responsive range, helpful in environmental remediation and energy transformation. Due to the outstanding photo-oxidization/photodegradation capability of NIR-driven photocatalysts, bismuth-based nanomaterials have been considered suitable photocatalysts for inclusive solar energy utilization. Henceforth, keeping in mind the benefits of bismuth nanomaterials, the present review is focused on NIR-based modification strategies to upgrade solar light absorption of bismuth-based photocatalysts in the NIR region by making it NIR responsive photocatalyst. We have also discussed the photocatalytic applications of bismuth-based NIR responsive photocatalysts in pollutant degradation.