聚烯烃
材料科学
降级(电信)
复合材料
聚合物
透射率
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯
聚乙烯
加速老化
压力(语言学)
弹性体
光电子学
共聚物
语言学
哲学
电信
图层(电子)
计算机科学
作者
Soňa Uličná,Archana Sinha,David C. Miller,Brian M. Habersberger,Laura T. Schelhas,Michael Owen‐Bellini
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112319
摘要
Polyethylene-based poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) are common polymer candidates for photovoltaic (PV) module encapsulants. The choice of encapsulant must be carefully considered in novel module designs, such as bifacial glass/glass laminates, to limit performance degradation through loss of optical transmittance, mechanical integrity, and corrosion—as well as potential-induced degradation. Encapsulant quality and resilience against environmental stressors are readily influenced by the additives in the encapsulant formulation. Here, we show that, the changes in optical transmittance after UV aging result from the discoloration caused by interactions between additives, and optical scattering from changes in the polymer crystal structure. We observed competing cross-linking and chain scission mechanisms, with their kinetics influenced by the presence of oxygen and elevated temperatures. Increasing chamber temperatures from 55 °C to 85 °C during the UV stress test amplified encapsulant discoloration and promoted polymer cross-linking, causing severe, irreversible damage that remains to be proven field relevant. Damp heat aging was found to be insufficient to produce significant encapsulant degradation; however, combining stress tests sequentially allowed detection of further degradation beyond the limitations of the damp heat test alone. Appropriate degradation screening methods are necessary to uncover potential encapsulant weaknesses.
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