Enhanced Photothermal/Immunotherapy under NIR Irradiation Based on Hollow Mesoporous Responsive Nanomotor

In this research, a hollow mesoporous responsive nanomotor was proposed for enhanced photothermal/immunotherapy under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. HA-HMCuS/AS as the nanomotor composed of hollow mesoporous copper sulfide (HMCuS) loaded with artesunate (AS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was utilized to induce the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. At the beginning, ResNet18 deep learning model was utilized to predict the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of HMCuS based on the morphology data set which was obtained from our conventional research. And then, we predicted that the as-synthesized HMCuS has a large surface area, which is beneficial for drug loading. Then, upon near-infrared light irradiation, HA-HMCuS/AS exhibited significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells and induced tumor thermal ablation. Additionally, HA-HMCuS/AS was found to inhibit the expression of TREM2 at the tumor site, promoting the transition of M2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages in tumor tissue and enhancing the inflammatory response at the tumor site. In addition, photothermal therapy enabled tumor cells to release tumor-associated antigen and injury-related molecular patterns, promote the maturation and metastasis of dendritic cells, and further activate the body's specific antitumor immune response. By combining photothermal therapy with immunotherapy, the HA-HMCuS nanomotor demonstrated even more robust tumor ablation and suppression effects.