Dietary fiber konjac glucomannan exerts an antidiabetic effect via inhibiting lipid absorption and regulation of PPAR-γ and gut microbiome

Konjac glucomannan's influence on the regulation of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbial flora was evaluated in this study. In addition, a high-fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. At the end of the study, we analyzed various parameters such as body weight, plasma lipid profile, insulin levels by immunohistochemistry, degree of fibrosis in the liver, protein expression of PPAR-γ and p-SREBP-1C and gut microbial changes using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of our study suggest that KGM supplementation significantly reduced the plasma lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, etc.). In addition, KGM has improved insulin levels, which were visualized using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, KGM also regulated the protein expression of key regulatory proteins of lipid metabolism PPAR-γ and p-SREBP-1C (Group 3). Similar results were seen in the groups treated with the standard drug rosiglitazone (group 4). Finally, the 16S rRNA sequencing shows that KGM contributes to gut microbiota composition alterations, and it was observed using the Simpson, Shannon, Chao-1, and actual otus indices (group 3). KGM further alters the production of beneficial SCFAs and helps host good health. Furthermore, several metabolic pathways have been activated in T2DM rats. As a result, it becomes apparent that the digestive system's microbiome will play a role in T2DM. KGM has various health advantages but is particularly useful in treating hyperlipidemia and diabetes.