心电图
多普勒效应
持续监测
传感器
胎心率
胎儿监护
远程病人监护
信号(编程语言)
医学
胎心
多普勒超声
生物医学工程
心率
计算机科学
声学
放射科
胎儿
工程类
怀孕
物理
血压
程序设计语言
生物
运营管理
遗传学
天文
作者
Paul Hamelmann,Rik Vullings,Alexander F. Kolen,J.W.M. Bergmans,Judith O E H van Laar,Piero Tortoli,Massimo Mischi
出处
期刊:IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
日期:2020-02-01
卷期号:67 (2): 226-238
被引量:52
标识
DOI:10.1109/tuffc.2019.2943626
摘要
Fetal well-being is commonly assessed by monitoring the fetal heart rate (fHR). In clinical practice, the de facto standard technology for fHR monitoring is based on the Doppler ultrasound (US). Continuous monitoring of the fHR before and during labor is performed using a US transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The continuous fHR monitoring, together with simultaneous monitoring of the uterine activity, is referred to as cardiotocography (CTG). In contrast, for intermittent measurements of the fHR, a handheld Doppler US transducer is typically used. In this article, the technology of Doppler US for continuous fHR monitoring and intermittent fHR measurements is described, with emphasis on fHR monitoring for CTG. Special attention is dedicated to the measurement environment, which includes the clinical setting in which fHR monitoring is commonly performed. In addition, to understand the signal content of acquired Doppler US signals, the anatomy and physiology of the fetal heart and the surrounding maternal abdomen are described. The challenges encountered in these measurements have led to different technological strategies, which are presented and critically discussed, with a focus on the US transducer geometry, Doppler signal processing, and fHR extraction methods.
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