Insight into the physicochemical, structural, and in vitro hypoglycemic properties of bamboo shoot dietary fibre: comparison of physical modification methods

Summary The effects of high‐temperature cooking (HTC), high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH), ultrasonic treatment (UT), and their combination (i.e., UT–HTC, HPH–HTC, and UT–HPH) on the physicochemical, structural, and in vitro hypoglycemic properties of bamboo shoot dietary fibres (BSDF) were investigated and compared. The soluble dietary fibre, arabinose, and glucose contents increased in all modified samples. The BSDF obtained by UT had a loose structure with a honeycomb appearance on the surface. UT–HTC resulted in the highest water‐holding capacity (8.38 g g −1 ) and α‐amylase activity inhibition ratio (56.14%). The BSDF modified by HPH–HTC had the lowest relative crystallinity (27.96%). Compared with those of control check (CK), the oil‐holding and swelling capacities of samples treated by UT–HPH increased by 55.35% and 91.47%, respectively. The glucose adsorption capacity of samples followed the order: UT–HTC > UT–HPH > HPH–HTC > HPH > UT ≈ HTC. Furthermore, the maximum glucose dialysis retardation index values of BSDF treated by UT–HPH, HPH, and HPH–HTC increased by 44.51%, 30.61%, and 27.20%, respectively, in comparison with CK. This study indicated that UT–HTC, HPH–HTC, and UT–HPH are innovative and promising modification methods to obtain BSDF with excellent physicochemical and functional properties.