Systematic analysis of research on D-mannose and the prospects for its use in recurrent infections of the urinary tract in women of reproductive age

Cystitis and other urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women of reproductive age can lead to infertility, significantly complicate the course of pregnancy, and cause numerous fetal abnormalities. Antibiotic therapy during pregnancy is an extreme measure since it is associated with a high risk of fetal malformations. The use of D-mannose is an effective and safe treatment for cystitis and other UTIs, especially during pregnancy. The present systematic analysis of 32111 studies indicates a significance of D-mannose for glycosylation of human proteins and for functioning of the immune, cardiovascular, urinary and other systems. By blocking the interaction between bacterial fimbriae and the endothelium, D-mannose prevents the adsorption of bacteria (uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella, leishmania, mycobacteria, etc.) to the tissue surface, thus helping prevent recurrent UTIs. Clinical studies have confirmed both high efficacy and safety of using D-mannose and the synergistic substances (such as cranberry anthocyanins) for the treatment of cystitis and other UTIs.