CORRELATION OF ORIGINS OF ATMOSPHERICS WITH THE VERTICAL INSTABILITY OF ATMOSPHERE

Practically atmospherics has been considered to originate in the lightning flashes associated with thunderstorm. Thunderstorms develop mainly from violent disturbances in the atmosphere, or we may say meteorologically that the magnitude of the vertical energy of atmosphere is intimately related with thunderstorm, i.e. origins of atmospherics and the vertical instability in the atmosphere are correlated closely with each other. In general, if the magnitude of the vertical unstable energy is indicated by the instability, it was pointed out that cumulo-nimbus develops thunderstorm at the time when the instability is over 2,000 joul/kg. Now, we shall examine whether it is necessary to have instability over 2-000 joul/kg for generation of atmospherics. As origins of atmospherics are not only localized in the region of thunderstorm but also in the region of shower, heavy rain and cumulo-nimbus ; as cumulo-nimbus also develops when energy is less than that order, author suppose that the vertical unsta ble energy necessary to produce atmospherics is not always indispensable to have the value over 2,000 joul/ kg. To examine how many jouls are necessary to generate atmospherics, the a uthor took following methods: (1) The records of origins of atmospherics which are accompanyed by Typhoon Kezia were adopted, as these origins fit very well to examine the correlation with the vertical instability of atmosphere. (2) Using the weather reports of upper atmosphere of CMO, both the aerogram correspond to them and the divergent energy of upward air current were examined. (3) Then both the corresponding weather cha nges and origins of atmospherics, which were localized near the observatory of upper atmosphere, were examined. According to the meteorology, the decrease ratio of temperature which is given for the tangent of the condition curve of aerogram is a measure to indicate the conditional instability of atmosphere. When this ratio (a) takes the value of l °C/ 100 m