Lanthanide based inorganic phosphates and biological nucleotides sensor

Over past 15 years, lanthanide complexes have been studied in a wide range of different field of applications including biological, environmental, pharmaceuticals and etc.This review gives an introduction on how to design luminescent lanthanide complexes and use them as biological phosphate sensor e.g.phosphate ions (Pi) and phosphate containing compunds (PPi, ATP, ADP, AMP).Phosphate ions and derivatives are important for environment, health and safety, therefore their detection and removal are remain challenging.The scope of this review covers wide range of lanthanide based coordination complexes containing ligands with mixed coordination sites or mixed ligands, cyclen based ligands and N-based heterocycles, lanthanide based helicates, lanthanide modified polyoxometallates, carbon dots and quantum dots, coordination polymers and metal organic frameworks as luminescent probe for phosphate and phosphate containing compounds sensing.The role of organic linkers or building units in the energy transfer process (turn on/off) are highlighted and most important and recent examples are discussed in detail while.A conclusion is provided discussing the future perspectives of lanthanides based luminescent probes for phosphate sensing.