Research progress of nano-silicon-based materials and silicon-carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

In order to solve the energy crisis, energy storage technology needs to be continuously developed. As an energy storage device, the battery is more widely used. At present, most electric vehicles are driven by lithium-ion batteries, so higher requirements are put forward for the capacity and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. Silicon with a capacity of 3579 mAh·g−1 is expected to replace graphite anode, but its large-scale application is limited by large volume expansion and unstable solid-electrolyte interface. At present, the modification methods of silicon mainly include nanocrystallization, silicon-carbon composite, and other methods. Nanocrystallization mainly reduces the mechanical stress of materials, and silicon-carbon composites can improve conductivity and alleviate volume expansion. This paper summarizes the current research and finally puts forward that only by optimizing the process flow and developing more environmentally friendly synthesis methods can we promote the commercialization of silicon anode materials.