Film forming reaction at the lithium/electrolyte interface

Active metal nonaqueous systems can be divided into three groups: (a) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-free, aqueous-like, active-metal nonaqueous systems, such as aluminium plating baths; (b) metal solvent blue solutions, or solvated electron systems; (c) SEI battery systems. It is concluded that the only type of system that can be applied in primary and secondary lithium batteries is the SEI electrode system. The following are presented and discussed: The deposition-dissolution mechanism and the kinetics of SEI electrodes, the effect of several parameters on the resistivity of the SEI, the growth rate of the SEI, the morphology of the overall passivating layer and the voltage delay problem.