扫描透射电子显微镜
锂(药物)
扫描电子显微镜
阴极
分析化学(期刊)
电子能量损失谱
透射电子显微镜
氧化物
氧气
氧化锂
锰
材料科学
衍射
化学
电化学
纳米技术
磷酸钒锂电池
电极
物理化学
光学
冶金
色谱法
医学
内分泌学
有机化学
复合材料
物理
作者
Karalee Jarvis,Chih-Chieh Wang,Arumugam Manthiram,Paulo J. Ferreira
出处
期刊:Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability
[The Royal Society of Chemistry]
日期:2014-01-01
卷期号:2 (5): 1353-1362
被引量:63
摘要
Lithium-rich layered Li[Li1/3−2x/3Mn2/3−x/3Nix]O2 (0 < x ≤ 1/2) oxide cathodes show promise as a potential candidate for Li-ion batteries due to their high capacity. However, the intricacies of the role of composition with increasing excess Li on the degree of oxygen loss during the first charge and the discharge capacity in subsequent cycles are not fully understood. With an aim to develop a better fundamental understanding, we present here an in-depth investigation of the Li[Li1/3−2x/3Mn2/3−x/3Nix]O2 (0 < x ≤ 1/2) series with a range of different excess lithium contents prepared by two different synthesis methods. The oxygen loss from the lattice during the first charge and the discharge capacity in subsequent cycles increase with increasing lithium content. In-depth analysis with a combination of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), diffraction-STEM (D-STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals that the samples transition from an Rm structure to a C2/m structure with increasing lithium content and decreasing nickel to manganese ratio, for both the synthesis methods, indicating that the maximum oxygen loss and discharge capacity are achieved with a single C2/m phase. We further show that within a single particle, the cation layers of these materials can order on different {111} planes in the basic NaCl structure.
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