In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Extracts of Tristaniopsis Species and Identification of the Active Constituents: Ellagic Acid and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-(6‘-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside

Screening of plants from New Caledonia for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum revealed that methanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Tristaniopsis calobuxus, T. yateensis, and T. glauca inhibited the growth of chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant clones. Ellagic acid and the new compound 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were identified as the active constituents (IC50 0.5 and 3.2 μM, respectively). The growth inhibition of both clones was comparable. The compounds showed negligible or very low cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblasts and Hep G2 cells when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 μM.