The interplay of coordinative and hydrogen-bonding in directing the [M(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)2] square-grid networks: formation of 3D porous framework [Cd(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2(4,4′-bpy)(CH3OH)2

The reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) with Cd(ClO)2 leads to an assembly of the two-dimensional (2D) square-grid networks, [Cd(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2, which stack in a slightly offset parallel fashion in the crystal lattice directed by hydrogen-bonding 4,4′-bpy spacers to sustain a self-catenated three-dimensional (3D) framework, [Cd(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2(4,4′-bpy)(CH3OH)2 (1). The rectangular channels (11.8 × 10.4 Å, atom-to-atom separation) are formed where the ClO4− anions and organic solvent molecules are hosted. The interplay of the coordinative and hydrogen-bonding interactions in directing crystal packing of the [M(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)2] square-grid networks have been analyzed in comparison with known examples.