宇宙射线
含水量
环境科学
宇宙癌症数据库
Cosmos(工厂)
足迹
大气(单位)
水分
土壤科学
比例(比率)
大气科学
遥感
气象学
物理
天体物理学
地质学
量子力学
艺术史
艺术
古生物学
岩土工程
作者
Marek Zreda,William James Shuttleworth,Xubin Zeng,Chris Zweck,Darin Desilets,Trenton E. Franz,Rafael Rosolem
标识
DOI:10.5194/hess-16-4079-2012
摘要
Abstract. The newly-developed cosmic-ray method for measuring area-average soil moisture at the hectometer horizontal scale is being implemented in the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (or the COSMOS). The stationary cosmic-ray soil moisture probe measures the neutrons that are generated by cosmic rays within air and soil and other materials, moderated by mainly hydrogen atoms located primarily in soil water, and emitted to the atmosphere where they mix instantaneously at a scale of hundreds of meters and whose density is inversely correlated with soil moisture. The COSMOS has already deployed more than 50 of the eventual 500 cosmic-ray probes, distributed mainly in the USA, each generating a time series of average soil moisture over its horizontal footprint, with similar networks coming into existence around the world. This paper is written to serve a community need to better understand this novel method and the COSMOS project. We describe the cosmic-ray soil moisture measurement method, the instrument and its calibration, the design, data processing and dissemination used in the COSMOS project, and give example time series of soil moisture obtained from COSMOS probes.
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