Antifungal Combination Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis

The outcome of invasive aspergillosis (IA) continues to be associated with significant attributable mortality, especially in patients with hematological malignancies and in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In this context, antifungal combined therapy (ACT) has become an emerging strategy against IA. In an attempt to evaluate the benefits of ACT, a large number of experimental studies, clinical series, and randomized trials have been performed, with varying results. In addition, several controlled trials have been registered; however, in most cases, their final results have not been made available. In summary, there is an imbalance between the lack of published evidence regarding the benefits of ACT and its extensive and increasing use in current clinical practice, despite its associated cost. Here, we present a critical analysis of the available information regarding ACT for the treatment of IA as well as the authors' opinion with respect to its use.