For widely use of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology( MEOR) in reinforcing production of oil field,the development and the main mechanism of MEOR were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the main methods of MEOR in process of oil production were analyzed,and the selected methods and principles,and several aspects that should be placed emphasis were proposed. The application of microbial oil recovery technology will be more widely used and will play a leading role in the future of oil field exploitation.