MoSe2 Enhanced Raindrop Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Its Energy Conversion Analysis

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered one of the most effective methods for harvesting irregular and low‐frequency raindrop energy. In this work, molybdenum selenide (MoSe 2 ) nanosheets act as intermediate layers for improving droplet‐based TENG performance. Consequently, without surface etching process, the short‐circuit current ( I sc ) and open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) of the TENG can reach as high as 1.2 mA and 120 V, respectively. Furthermore, precise energy analysis based on an optimization model for input energy calculation is carried out, allowing conversion efficiency to be calculated under diverse conditions. Finally, an all‐solid supercapacitor is fabricated for integration with the TENG. An intelligent wireless sensing system, powered by the integrated TENG and capacitor, is demonstrated for monitoring environmental information. This study provides new insights into intermediate‐layer materials' selection and action mechanisms. It fills a gap in the research on a precise model of theoretical energy conversion efficiency calculation. The integrated devices and sensing applications will provide strategies for creating smart cities.