Assessment of β-cyclodextrin-immobilizing hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile membrane for enhanced remediation of bisphenol A and tetracyclines: Adsorption and antibacterial studies

A citric acid-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin modifying hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile membrane (β-CD-HPAN) was designed for bisphenol A (BPA), tetracycline (TC), and oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake. β-CD-HPAN was successfully prepared with several characterizations and optimized synthesis conditions. In batch mode, there was a good removal capacity toward BPA in a broad pH range, the uptake of TC and OTC (TCs) possessed a relatively high adsorption effect at pH of 3.0–4.0. The addition of salinity had a negative result on adsorption. The isotherm behaviors exhibited a monolayer equilibrium removal capacity (qe) of 45.3 mg/g for BPA, with heterogeneous qe of 124 mg/g and 98.4 mg/g for TC and OTC, respectively. These processes were accorded with Koble-Corrigan isotherm model, and the kinetic behaviors followed Elovich equation. The binary experiment elucidated that BPA and TC/OTC removal onto β-CD-HPAN was independent from each other. β-CD-HPAN also elucidated good regeneration performances. Adsorption mechanisms were proposed that β-CD cavities on β-CD-HPAN mainly contributed to entrap molecules of non-polar BPA, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups provided binding sites for polar TCs. The membrane owned antibacterial capacity against gram-positive S. aureus. Overall, β-CD-HPAN membrane has great potentials in wastewater purification to adsorb BPA and TCs due to its green synthetic procedure, easy separation, bifunctional groups, and low cost.