A framework of enablers of third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) for smart warehousing in emerging economy

Purpose This study proposes a framework for third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) in emerging economies. This framework examines the landscape of its enablers to facilitate smart warehouse adoption. Design/methodology/approach Based on an extensive literature search, this study presents a novel three-phase framework that identifies 9 enablers and 36 sub-enablers under the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework through expert judgments. This study employs an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate these enablers. Furthermore, the robustness of the enabler ranking is assessed through a sensitivity analysis. Findings Findings based on the TOE framework highlight the significance of technology type in determining its acceptance by 3PLs. Moreover, the study reveals that market orientation and infrastructure, supported by the supply chain network, can be significant enablers of 3PLs in smart warehousing. Additionally, addressing the social environment of warehousing and adopting effective cost-management strategies can further enhance the effectiveness of smart warehousing for 3PLs in the future. Research limitations/implications The framework proposed in this study is specifically tailored for emerging economies and may not directly apply to developed economies. It is crucial to note that while the enablers were identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert validation, there is a possibility that certain enablers may have been overlooked, which could be a potential area for future research. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to examine 3PL providers from a smart warehouse perspective under the TOE framework. This research aims to assist decision-makers in comprehending the challenges and opportunities within various sub-enablers of TOE contexts.