Braking Force Distribution Strategy for Brake-by-Wire Systems: Enhancing Safety and Redundancy

<div>Brake-by-wire (BBW) systems, characterized by fast response, high precision, ease installation, and simplified maintenance, are highly likely to become the future braking systems. However, the reliability of BBW is currently inferior to that of traditional hydraulic braking systems. Considering ECE R13 regulations, actuator reliability, and braking efficiency, this article first proposes a new braking force distribution strategy to prevent braking failure and enhance vehicle safety without modifying the actuator itself. The strategy reduces the operating frequency of rear actuators during low- and medium-intensity braking, thereby extending their service life and operational reliability. Then, the co-simulation model combining Simulink and AMESim was established for simulation validation based on direct drive braking actuator. Additionally, the real-vehicle test platform was built for typical braking scenarios. The simulation and experimental results show that this strategy significantly reduces the operating rate of rear actuators while maintaining braking performance. This ensures that the rear actuators have a longer service life and can be used for emergency braking. In the event of front actuators’ failure, the rear actuators can provide the necessary and emergency braking force, thereby enhancing the overall safety of the vehicle.</div>