Dose-Response Metabolomics Unveils Liver Metabolic Disruptions and Pathway Sensitivity to Alkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids: Benchmark Dose Estimation for Health Risk Assessment

= 0.40 μM) in vitro─as potential biomarkers of M8OI-induced metabolic disruption. These findings highlight hepatic metabolic disturbances induced by M8OI, with dose-response metabolomics identifying benchmark dose values based on regression models, thereby providing a basis for health risk assessment.