Comparative Nontargeted Analysis and Toxicity of Brominated Disinfection Byproducts from Chlorination and Chloramination of Natural Organic Matter

toxicity assessments indicate that many Br-DBPs identified in this study, particularly those with multiple bromine substitutions and functional groups such as nitro and carboxylic acids in aromatic structures, exhibit substantially higher acute toxicity and mutagenic potential compared to regulated DBPs like bromoform and dibromacetic acid. These findings highlight the need to prioritize polybrominated, aromatic, and nitrogenous Br-DBPs in water treatment research and regulation.