Innovation of control technology for smart fuzes: precise detonation and efficient damage via a ternary cascade controller

The traditional theory of dynamic open-loop control of fuzes has been unable to satisfy the demand for smart fuze control. After analyzing time–space recognition and process control as the basis of fuze detonation control, three key issues of smart fuze control are summarized herein. Furthermore, three types of controllers are constructed, namely, detection, state, and detonation controllers, which achieve the precise detonation control of ammunition under the interference of complex multi-physics environments, ensuring efficient damage to the target. Based on the above-mentioned controllers, the design theory of the ternary cascade control of the smart fuze is established. In addition, the technical system of the ternary cascade control theory is reviewed, and the latest progress in control strategy design, environment modeling, target modeling, and other fields is summarized in detail. Finally, the development demands and technology trends in intelligent fuze control technology for future intelligent warfare are explored.