Prevalence and characteristics of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with a bystander concealed nodoventricular/nodofascicular pathway

The concealed nodoventricular/nodofascicular (NV/NF) pathway is mostly a bystander, retrograde bypass tract connecting right ventricle/right bundle branch (RBB) and slow pathway (SP), which is observed in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). However, its prevalence and characteristics in response to pacing maneuvers have not been fully evaluated.