Antimicrobial Effects of Metal, Metal Oxide Nanomaterials, and Sulfonamide Complexes

In this chapter, the recent developments and antibacterial properties of metal, metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been discussed in detail. Microorganisms resistant to the effects of antibiotics and drugs administered in humans and animals may occur. In order to improve the antibacterial effects of the drugs, metal and metal oxide-based nanomaterials are highly effective and have exhibited various positive results. Due to these properties, an expanding field of use of the nanoparticles in the antibacterial field has been formed. The mechanisms of action of nanomaterials that provide antibacterial effects have not been fully elucidated. However, with the use of antibacterial effective and metal-based nanomaterials, reactive oxygen species formation were observed. Besides, some living organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, contain molecular agents that increase resistance to external influences. Disease-forming microorganisms may be resistant to both antibiotics and chromosomal gene mutations and gene transfers. The section also discusses the antimicrobial effects of sulfonamides. Additionally, specifically some effective nanoparticles, including ZnO2, TiO2, and SiO2, Ag, and Al nanoparticles are mentioned in the chapter. Some important information about the properties and characterization methods are also addressed in this report.