[Associations of lifestyles with major chronic diseases in Chinese adults: evidence from the China Kadoorie Biobank].

Major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory disease, cause substantial mortality and morbidity in China. Evidence from Western population showed that smoking, excessive alcohol intake, physical inactivity, unhealthful dietary habits and adiposity are independent risk factors for major chronic diseases. However, because of the vast differences in lifestyles and disease patterns, evidence from Western populations may not be generalizable to the Chinese population. Assessing the directions and magnitude of associations between lifestyles and major chronic diseases is crucial to evaluate the benefits yielded from lifestyle modifications, thus informing related guidelines. In recent years, prospective cohort studies in China, including the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), have shown relationships between unfavorable lifestyle factors and major chronic diseases. In particular, the CKB study has laid the evidence base for lifestyle factors (occupational physical activity) and diseases (hemorrhagic stroke, gastrointestinal cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) unique to the Chinese population. This article aims to summarize the research findings on this topic.中国人群的主要疾病负担来自心血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤与呼吸系统疾病等慢性病。西方人群研究证据显示，吸烟、过量饮酒、体力活动不足、不健康的膳食习惯、肥胖等行为生活方式是主要慢性病的独立危险因素。由于行为生活方式和疾病谱的差异，西方人群证据不一定适用于中国人群。在中国人群中确定行为生活方式与主要慢性病的关联方式和效应大小，有助于明确综合生活方式干预对我国慢性病负担的收益大小，及指导相关指南的制订。近年来，包括中国慢性病前瞻性研究在内的以中国人群为研究对象的一系列前瞻性队列研究证据明确了几种不健康的行为生活方式对我国主要慢性病的影响，特别是补充了我国人群一些特定生活方式（如职业性体力活动）、当前营养膳食结构背景下的一些饮食习惯（如吃水果、鸡蛋、辣食和饮茶等）以及特有的健康问题（如出血性脑卒中、消化系统恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等）的人群病因学证据。本文旨在综述中国慢性病前瞻性研究项目近年来获得的相关研究证据。.