Muribaculum intestinale in brain-gut axis regulation: promises and limitations for therapeutic applications

In recent years, the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of the gut-brain axis has garnered increasing attention, with Muribaculum intestinale ( M. intestinale ) emerging as a novel member of the gut microbiota, exhibiting unique biological characteristics and potential therapeutic value. This article systematically reviews the regulatory mechanisms of M. intestinale in the gut-brain axis and its associations with various diseases. M. intestinale modulates host neurotransmitter synthesis, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function through metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, succinate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, thereby influencing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric diseases, and metabolic diseases. Additionally, this article explores the distribution differences of M. intestinale in the intestines of mice and humans, as well as its susceptibility to external factors like diet, antibiotics, and exercise. Although current research has unveiled the potential roles of M. intestinale , its clinical translation still faces challenges such as technical bottlenecks and individual variability. Future studies should focus on humanized model construction, synthetic biology modifications, and multi-target intervention strategies to achieve precise microbiota-targeted therapies.