Using Alternative Oxidants to Remove Dissolved Manganese From Waters Laden With Organics

Water treatment facilities are faced with developing new strategies for removing dissolved manganese while optimizing organics removal to control trihalomethane formation. This article reviews the potential use of four oxidants for manganese removal. The effects of changes in the total organic carbon concentration of the raw water, temperature, and pH on oxidation efficiency were evaluated using three different water sources. Three of the oxidants (chlorine, potassium permanganate, and chlorine dioxide) were found to be effective for manganese oxidation—although each had advantages and disadvantages—but hydrogen peroxide was ineffective.