Plasma surface engineering for manmade soft materials: a review

表面改性 表面工程 弹性体 软物质 材料科学 等离子体聚合 纳米技术 等离子体 等离子体刻蚀 粘附 沉积(地质) 蚀刻(微加工) 复合材料 化学工程 聚合 聚合物 图层(电子) 胶体 工程类 生物 沉积物 量子力学 物理 古生物学
作者
Dirk Hegemann,Sandra Gaiser
出处
期刊:Journal of Physics D [Institute of Physics]
卷期号:55 (17): 173002-173002 被引量:21
标识
DOI:10.1088/1361-6463/ac4539
摘要

Abstract Manmade soft materials are important in a wide range of technological applications and play a key role in the development of future technologies, mainly at the interface of synthetic and biological components. They include gels and hydrogels, elastomers, structural and packaging materials, micro and nanoparticles as well as biological materials. Soft materials can be distinguished from liquids owing to their defined shape and from hard materials by the deformability of their shape. This review article provides an overview of recent progress on the plasma engineering and processing of softer materials, especially in the area of synthesis, surface modification, etching, and deposition. The article aims to demonstrate the extensive range of plasma surface engineering as used to form, modify, and coat soft materials focusing on material properties and potential applications. In general, the plasma provides highly energetic, non-equilibrium conditions at material surfaces requiring to adjust the conditions for plasma–surface interaction to account for the specifics of soft matter, which holds independent of the used plasma source. Plasma-induced crosslinking and polymerization of liquids is discussed to transform them into gel-like materials as well as to modify the surface region of viscous liquids. A major field covers the plasma surface engineering of manmade soft materials with the help of gaseous reactive species yielding ablation, nanostructuring, functionalization, crosslinking, stiffening, and/or deposition to obtain demanded surface properties or adhesion to dissimilar materials. Finally, plasma engineering of rigid materials is considered to induce surface softening for the enhanced contact with tissues, to allow interaction in aqueous media, and to support bonding to soft matter. The potential and future perspectives of plasma engineering will be discussed in this review to contribute to a higher knowledge of plasma interaction with sensitive materials such as soft matter.
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