Black-phosphorus-based materials for application in solar cells

In the context of green development, the use of solar cells with renewable and environment-friendly characteristics has been rapidly growing. There has been a continuous search for materials that can enhance their performance. Black phosphorus, a new type of semiconductor material, has garnered significant attention due to its distinctive properties, particularly its direct band gap with tunable layers and high optoelectronic efficiency. This review summarizes the properties of black-phosphorus-based materials and focuses on their use as doping materials in various components of solar cells, such as the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, active layer, etc. The current challenges faced by black phosphorus materials and outlook on their future development have also been discussed.