Methods for enhancing the capacity of electrode materials in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have evolved into the mainstream power source of energy storage equipment by reason of their advantages such as high energy density, high power, long cycle life and less pollution. With the expansion of their applications in deep-sea exploration, aerospace and military equipment, special working conditions have placed higher demands on the low-temperature performance of LIBs. However, at low temperatures, the severe polarization and inferior electrochemical activity of electrode materials cause the acute capacity fading upon cycling, which greatly hindered the further development of LIBs. In this review, we summarize the recent important progress of LIBs in low-temperature operations and introduce the key methods and the related action mechanisms for enhancing the capacity of the various cathode and anode materials. It aims to promote the development of high-performance electrode materials and broaden the application range of LIBs.