Psychological Safety in Organizations: A Systematic Review of Its Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators

Psychological Safety (PS) has become a decisive factor in organizational success in an increasingly complex and dynamic work environment. As a construct that fosters trust, open communication, and collaboration, PS plays a crucial role in enabling employees and organizations to express ideas, take risks, and innovate. This study provides a systematic literature review to examine the antecedents, outcomes, and moderators of PS in an organizational context. By analyzing existing research, this study identifies the key factors that promote PS and explores its impact on innovation and organizational performance. This study addresses significant gaps by synthesizing fragmented findings in this area and offering a holistic understanding of how PS functions at the team and organizational levels. At the same time, this study points to potential directions for future work. Organizations that develop and integrate PS are better equipped to navigate crises and recover from disruptions. The findings indicate that fostering PS is vital for organizations aiming to foster innovation, adaptability, and the well-being of the workforce. This work offers guidance to practitioners and researchers by providing an overview of how PS develops and influences work outcomes at various levels of analysis.