Growth of SnO Nanobelts and Dendrites by a Self-Catalytic VLS Process

This article reports on the growth of SnO nanobelts and dendrites by a carbothermal reduction process. The materials were synthesized in a sealed tube furnace at 1210 °C and at 1260 °C for 2 h, in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere of 40 sccm. After synthesis, gray-black materials were collected downstream in the tube and the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that the gray-black materials were composed of nanobelts, which grew in the [110] direction of the orthorhombic structure of SnO. Some of the belts also presented dendritic growth. The dendrites grew in the (11̄0) planes of the SnO structure, and no defects were observed at the junction between the nanobelts and the dendrites. A self-catalytic vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) process was proposed to explain the growth of the SnO nanobelts and dendrites.