Gut‐derived bacterial vesicles carrying lipopolysaccharide promote microglia‐mediated synaptic pruning

GM-derived bEVs can traverse the BBB. LPS was necessary for bEVs' penetration into the brain, and bEVs might be closely related to AD progression. bEVs mediated microglial activation and synaptic pruning via C1q-C3 complement pathway. Microglia Piezo1 was involved in bEV-induced excessive synaptic pruning.