Loofah-Derived Superhydrophobic and Flame-Retardant Nanofiber Paper for Sustainable All-Weather Piezoresistive Sensing Monitoring and Green Triboelectric Energy Harvesting

The contradiction between the growing accumulation of electronic waste and the urgent demand for high-performance electronics has promoted the development of new eco-friendly and multifunctional electronic devices, but their ability to resist inductive interference in harsh environments still faces challenges. This paper innovatively combines papermaking technology with environmental protection concepts, proposing a high-performance composite nanofiber paper (MFP) that is suitable for wearable motion sensing and triboelectric energy harvesting in all-weather conditions. By regenerating cellulose microfibers from agricultural waste loofah and incorporating functional montmorillonite (MMT), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), the obtained MFP exhibits exceptional waterproofing (WCA = 152°), self-cleaning, heat resistance, and flame retardancy, ensuring long-term electrical performance stability both underwater and under 1 kW/m2 solar radiation. The MFP-based strain sensor not only features high sensitivity (13.75 kPa–1), rapid response (80 ms), and exceptional durability (over 10,000 cycles) but also achieves latitude and longitude positioning, significantly enhancing information transmission efficiency and emergency rescue capabilities. The integrated smart insole enables reliable biomechanical analysis of gait, posture, and foot abnormalities. Importantly, MFP can also be extended to the TENG, providing a peak power density of up to 2.7 W/m2, offering a green solution for outdoor emergency energy supply.