Exploring the Perceived Difficulty and Importance of Lower Limb Physical Activities for People With and Without Osteoarthritis: A Discrete Choice Experiment

ABSTRACT Background Many outcome measures used in lower‐limb osteoarthritis (OA) present ceiling effects. This compromises the ability of those measures to accurately assess people with higher levels of physical function. Understanding of the difficulty and importance of physical activities would enable the inclusion of challenging and meaningful activities in new outcome measures. Purpose To explore the perceived difficulty and importance of 40 physical activities by people with and without lower limb OA. Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) using 1000minds software. We recruited people with and without OA using OA databases and social media. Participants were asked to complete two comparison tasks, first about the relative difficulty and then about the importance of the physical activities. Pairwise comparisons were presented (i.e., two alternatives at a time), and participants selected the most difficult/important. Results We analysed data from 613 participants, of whom 215 had OA. Rankings of difficulty and importance were obtained. No major differences existed in the difficulty ranking between people with and without OA. People with OA rated activities like kneeling and balancing activities as more important than those without OA. In contrast, people without OA rated jogging, squatting, and running as more important than those with OA. Challenging activities were generally rated as less important. Conclusions A DCE ranked 40 different lower limb physical activities in terms of difficulty and importance. Challenging activities were found to be less important than easier ones. People with OA gave more importance to easier activities than people without OA.