A Comprehensive Review About Bioactive Peptides: Sources to Future Perspective

Bioactive peptides (BAPs) are natural products which are gaining interest of researcher as many synthetic drugs have shown different side effects while curing various morbidities. BAPs are organic substances formed by 2–20 residues of amino acids joined by covalent bonds. BAPs are considered the new generation of biologically active regulators; they can prevent oxidation and microbial degradation in foods and also improve the treatment of various diseases and disorders, thus increasing the quality of life. This review focus on various sources of BAPs and different production methods to maximize the generation of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Moreover, it describes the isolation and fractionation to get pure BAPs, which can exert potential bioactivities on body, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, immune-modulatory, and anti-cancer effects. On the other hand, it also highlights the role of bioinformatics tools in prediction of bifunctionalities and mode of action of BAPs. Furthermore, it describes various hurdles/challenges related to this field and their possible solutions. This review is expected to cover the significant aspects of bioactive peptides and provide the related information for using these peptides as potential nutraceutical or pharmaceutical ingredients.