Reinforced fibers mainly play the strengthening and bearing role and determine the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix wave-transparent composites. This chapter details the structures, composition, preparation methods, and physical and chemical performances of the inorganic fibers (glass fibers and quartz fibers) and organic fibers (aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and poly- p -phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers), to give certain suggestion for selecting suitably reinforced fibers in different scenarios and provide theoretical support and practical application basis for the development of the high-performance polymer matrix wave-transparent composites.