模仿
认知模仿
心理学
认知心理学
动作(物理)
规范性
背景(考古学)
认知
现象
认知科学
非理性
社会心理学
认识论
理性
生物
物理
量子力学
哲学
古生物学
神经科学
作者
Stefanie Hoehl,Stefanie Keupp,Hanna Schleihauf,Nicola McGuigan,David Buttelmann,Andrew Whiten
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2018.12.002
摘要
After seeing an action sequence children and adults tend to copy causally relevant and, more strikingly, even perceivably unnecessary actions in relation to the given goal. This phenomenon, termed “over-imitation”, has inspired much empirical research in the past decade as well as lively theoretical debate on its cognitive underpinnings and putative role in the transmission of cultural knowledge. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the existing literature to date, accompanied by a table including concise information on 54 published studies testing over-imitation in different species, age groups and cultures. We highlight methodological issues related to task and context that influence over-imitation rates and that should be carefully considered in study designs. We discuss the cognitive and motivational processes underlying and contributing to over-imitation, including normative action parsing, causal reasoning, motives of affiliation and social learning as well as their complex interplay. We conclude that despite the apparent irrationality of over-imitation behavior, recent studies have shown that its performance depends on the specific task, modeled actions and context variables, suggesting that over-imitation should be conceptualized as a contextually flexible and, in fact, a normally highly functional phenomenon.
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