材料科学
阳极
化学工程
碳纤维
硅
纳米孔
电解质
纳米技术
复合材料
光电子学
电极
复合数
化学
物理化学
工程类
作者
Yongling An,Yuan Tian,Chengkai Liu,Shenglin Xiong,Jinkui Feng,Yitai Qian
出处
期刊:ACS Nano
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2022-02-02
卷期号:16 (3): 4560-4577
被引量:77
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.1c11098
摘要
With the advantages of a high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and abundant reserves, silicon (Si) is regarded as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries. However, huge volume expansion and low electronic conductivity impede the commercialization of Si anodes. We devised a one-step, vacuum-assisted reactive carbon coating technique to controllably produce micrometer-sized nanoporous silicon confined by homogeneous N-doped carbon nanosheet frameworks (NPSi@NCNFs), achieved by the solid state reaction of a commercial bulk precursor and the subsequent evaporation of byproducts. The graphitization degree, C and N contents of the carbon shell, as well as the porosity of Si can be regulated by adjusting the synthetic conditions. A rational structure can mitigate volume expansion to maintain structural integrity, enhance electronic conductivity to facilitate charge transport, and serve as a protected layer to stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase. The NPSi@NCNF anode enables a stable cycling performance with 95.68% capacity retention for 4000 cycles at 5 A g-1. Furthermore, a flexible 2D/3D architecture is designed by conjugating NPSi@NCNFs with MXene. Lithiophilic NPSi@NCNFs homogenize Li nucleation and growth, evidenced by structural evolutions of MXene@NPSi@NCNF deposited Li. The application potential of NPSi@NCNFs and MXene@NPSi@NCNFs is estimated via assembling full cells with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes. This work offers a method for the rational design of alloy-based materials for advanced energy storage.
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