Digestive System and Abdomen

The digestive system is one of the most intensely studied organ systems in the camelid. The digestive system begins with the oral cavity and includes the lips, teeth, salivary glands, and pharyngeal structures. There are three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, mandibular, and sublingual). The Gastrointestinal Tract tracts of all the camelidae are basically the same except for size. Diagnosing digestive system disorders can be challenging and frustrating even for experienced veterinarians. Clinical signs are often non-specific and can result from problems unrelated to the digestive system. Pharyngitis and esophagitis may result from repeated gastric intubation, especially with a rough-ended tube. Megaesophagus is a disease characterized by dilatation of all or a part of the esophagus, especially the intrathoracicsegment. To perform abdominal surgery, the anatomy of the abdominal musculature must be understood.