材料科学
超级电容器
电容
碳纤维
化学工程
电化学
多孔性
催化作用
比表面积
假电容
纳米技术
复合数
复合材料
有机化学
电极
化学
工程类
物理化学
作者
Xu Du,Huimin Yang,Yan-lan Zhang,Qingcheng Hu,Song-bo Li,Wenxiu He
标识
DOI:10.1016/s1872-5805(21)60033-1
摘要
Nanostructured phenolic resin-based carbon aerogels with an extensive network structure are regarded as ideal energy storage materials for supercapacitors. However, the initial bulk form and low capacitance of previously reported porous carbon aerogels are problematic for practical use. Phenolic resin-based porous carbon spheres were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using ammonia, ethylenediamine or hexylenediamine as a catalyst. The porous carbon spheres were investigated by SEM, BET, XPS, etc. It was found that the number of ammonium groups, length of the alkyl chain and processing temperature play vital roles in determining the pore structure, size and uniformity of the carbon spheres. NH4+ is necessary to obtain the carbon spheres and but changing the other parameters has no obvious effect on their crystal structure. The sample prepared at a hydrothermal temperature of 80 °C using ammonia as the catalyst has the highest specific capacitance of 233.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1. It has an excellent capacitance retention of 98% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 7 A g−1, indicating its good cycling stability and rate capability. This result shows that a higher specific surface area, porosity and defect density are probably the crucial factors in improving the electrochemical capacitance.
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