化学
非金属
硼
主组元素
反应性(心理学)
原子轨道
群(周期表)
纳米技术
灵活性(工程)
分子
过渡金属
性格(数学)
组合化学
计算化学
催化作用
金属
有机化学
电子
病理
物理
材料科学
替代医学
统计
医学
量子力学
数学
几何学
作者
Marc‐André Légaré,Conor Pranckevicius,Holger Braunschweig
出处
期刊:Chemical Reviews
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2019-01-14
卷期号:119 (14): 8231-8261
被引量:218
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00561
摘要
The study of main-group molecules that behave and react similarly to transition-metal (TM) complexes has attracted significant interest in recent decades. Most notably, the attractive idea of replacing the all-too-often rare and costly metals from catalysis has motivated efforts to develop main-group-element-mediated reactions. Main-group elements, however, lack the electronic flexibility of TM complexes that arises from combinations of empty and filled d orbitals and that seem ideally suited to bind and activate many substrates. In this review, we look at boron, an element that despite its nonmetal nature, low atomic weight, and relative redox staticity has achieved great milestones in terms of TM-like reactivity. We show how in interelement cooperative systems, diboron molecules, and hypovalent complexes the fifth element can acquire a truly metallomimetic character. As we discuss, this character is powerfully demonstrated by the reactivity of boron-based molecules with H2, CO, alkynes, alkenes and even with N2.
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